Urbanization in Africa Essay examples -- Development, Urban Trend

Urbanization is the development from a country society to a urban culture, and includes a development in the quantity of individuals in urban zones. Urban development is expanding in both the grew yet for the most part in the creating nations. Urbanization is related with the issues of joblessness, neediness, awful wellbeing, poor tidiness, urban ghettos ecological hardship. This causes an extremely huge issue for these creating nations and who are some of most unfortunate nations. Africa urbanization isn't as large as most creating nations yet is on the ascent for it upheavals in city development recently. (Saundry, 2008). In Africa, one significant element of the urbanization procedure is that a great deal of the development is occurring in the modern increment. Urbanization likewise discovers articulation in outside development of the developed territory and the changing of prime farming grounds into private and mechanical uses (Saundry, 2008). A substitute to the current extension of the urban populace over a wide region of the nation so as to spare significant land for horticulture is to build elevated structures and bolster business advancement in explicit zones, which would rely upon proficiency, and the correct innovation and assets (Hanson, 2011). In Africa, the urbanization forms are to a great extent driven by showcase powers and government strategies. This will prompt techniques simultaneously of progress in livelihoods, land use, wellbeing and common assets the board including water, soil and woods and regularly responsive changes in nearby governments (The Economist, 2010). So this is stat ing that administration improvement strategies and spending divisions, in which urban occupants are frequently top choices over country regions and will in general maneuver more individuals into the urban zones. I... ...populace circulation intended to diminish the pace of provincial urban movement seems to have had constrained achievement in many creating nations. Strategies must be aimed at adjusting the rustic economy so as to slow the pace of endless suburbia. Wide land use arranging and changing of arranging gauges and administrative methods would go far to diminish a significant number of the issues that face urban populaces in the creating zones, particularly Africa. Urbanization can cause a great deal of issues for a city or even a nation. It can make urban communities become overpopulated which are known as super refers to, and cause issues with living courses of action and getting a new line of work. Urbanization can likewise mess wellbeing up. Urbanization should be useful for creating nations on the ascent however with this quick development in Africa, these issues can turn into a significant worry later on.

Types Of Computer Viruses Essays - Computer Viruses, Free Essays

Kinds Of Computer Viruses Essays - Computer Viruses, Free Essays Kinds Of Computer Viruses A PC infection is a program that is intended to harm your PC, projects, and records. Like an infection in a living thing, a PC infection can spread on the off chance that it isn't expelled. Some infections are more risky than others. One of the most well-known spots for a PC infection to show up is on a document found on the Internet or appended to an E-mail. For instance, you may have an infection that just pops a message box on your screen, and afterward the infection is handicapped, or you can have an infection that erases half of your hard drive. PC infections didnt truly exist until the mid 1980s. The main PC infections were made in college labs to exhibit the amount of a danger the awful code could be. There are numerous sort of infections that exist today. Probably the most well-known of Computer Viruses are: File Viruses, Boot Sector/Partition Viruses, Multi-Partite Viruses, Trojan Horses, File Overwriters, Polymorphic infections, and Stealth Viruses. A File Virus is the most widely recognized sort of infection. These sorts of infections typically contaminate .EXE and .COM records, which are the fundamental segment of a program or application. A record infection can embed its own code into part of the document, so when the contaminated program record is run, the infection is executed first. Most document infections are memory occupant. Along these lines, they can without much of a stretch append themselves to different projects that are being run and begin to taint that document. A straightforward infection will overwrite and decimate a host document, quickly telling the client that there is an issue in light of the fact that the product won't run. Since these infections are quickly detected by the PC, they have a less opportunity to spread. Progressively mind boggling composed infections will cause more harm, spread simpler, and are harder to be distinguished. Boot part infections contaminate hard drives and floppy plates by putting itself on the boot segment of the circle, which has the code that is run at boot up. Booting up from a contaminated floppy, permits the infection to hop from the floppy to the hard drive. These infections are stacked first, and deal with the framework before MS-DOS could be stacked. Since the infection is run before the working framework, it isn't MS-DOS-explicit and can taint any PC working framework. These infections remain in the RAM and contaminates each plate that is perused by the PC until the PC is rebooted. After reboot the infection is expelled from memory. Multi-Partite Viruses are the more terrible of both document and boot area infections. They can contaminate the host programming parts. These infections spread like a document infection, yet at the same time embed itself into a boot area or segment table. Along these lines, they are hard to evacuate. A case of this kind of infection is the Tequila infection. Trojan Horses are the most noticeably awful sort of infections that exist. They contain vindictive code that is intended to harm your PC. Not at all like different infections, this infection doesn't repeat itself. This infection holds up until the trigger occasion. At the point when the trigger occasion happens, a message is shown or documents are harmed. On account of the idea of these infections, there are a few scientists that don't characterize Trojan Horses as infections. Record Overwriters are infections that connect themselves to a program, leaving the first code flawless and adding themselves again and again to whatever number documents as could be expected under the circumstances. These infections are made just to continue duplicating itself. While, this infection is replicating itself it is occupying more circle room and hindering execution. Since these infections regularly have defects in them, they can accidentally harm or devastate information. The most noticeably terrible sort of document overwriters, hold up until the trigger occasion, at that point begin to decimate records. A large portion of the infections that exist today are Polymorphic. As of late a Mutation Engine was discharged. This product guarantees that polymorphic infections will just multiply throughout the following hardly any years. Like the human AIDS infection, polymorphic infections develops quick to get away from recognition by against infection programs. Exceptional scrambled code inside this infection permits the infection to escape identification. There are a set number of sorts of polymorphic infections. Along these lines, they are simpler to take note. A model

The Waiting Room Essay Example For Students

The Waiting Room Essay Tick, Tock, that was the main clamor that I could hear for as long as not many hours. I lifted my head, and looked by and by at the vacant seats of the sitting area. As the ticking of the clock proceeded with I started to feel my heart pounding to the cadence of the clock. I trusted that that entryway will blast open, and for the specialist to come out to promise me that all is well. Tick, Tock, that was the main clamor that I could hear for as long as not many hours. I lifted my head, and looked by and by at the vacant seats of the lounge area. As the ticking of the clock proceeded with I started to feel my heart pounding to the beat of the clock. I trusted that that entryway will blast open, and for the specialist to come out to promise me that all is well. Everything started an hour prior to when I was hauled out of class and headed to a medical clinic by a taxi. No one had tried to mention to me what had occurred. All I was advised was Go to the sitting area, that is outside the crisis segment and trust that your sister will come. My first response was to call my folks, and discover what had occurred, their PDAs rang musically and they replied and they consoled me that they were fine. My psyche was dashing against the speed of the clock. What was I doing here? For what reason could nobody answer my inquiry? I stayed there on my little plastic blue seat which made interesting commotions each time I moved position and still gazed at the entryway hanging tight for it to blast open. For what reason was Kristen taking so much time, had something happened to her? I had a go at calling her mobile phone, however all I heard was the grinding voice of the administrator, resounding into my brain, she had it shut. I tossed my mobile phone into my sack, and took a gander at that entryway. That entryway appeared as though the entryways you find in TV arrangement. With the wide window at the top and the white shading that is gradually blurring endlessly. There arent any handles on the entryway and the entryway basically slides against the floor making a screechy sound, which can pierce anyones ear. From the far separation, past the grimy window of the entryway, I see some dull earthy colored twists that help me to remember my sister. As she comes nearer, I layout the natural state of her chest area, since that is the main part that I can see. She doesnt appear to be vexed or especially startled. She didnt have a similar demeanor that I had drawn all over since they hauled me out of my group. As the snapshot of disclosure was coming ever nearer, and as Kristens pace was turning out to be quicker and quicker I felt the world out of nowhere circling in a more slow movement. Despite the fact that there were not many seconds left for me to discover why I was in this lounge area for this time, I felt like an age had gone until I heard the entryway pummel behind her.

Help With a Paper - The Importance of Writing a Paper

Help With a Paper - The Importance of Writing a PaperThe best paper for help with a paper is in the writing area. Use pen and ink, not just any pen.A good way to get into your writing habit is to write down what you are going to write on the paper. What are the things that you have to say about the paper? You could say, 'Writing down my ideas for a paper.' Or, 'What do I need to write about for this paper?'It's important to choose a topic for your help with a paper. The main idea is that you need to know what you are going to write. If you are writing help for a paper on how to clean your bathroom and you are needing a paper on how to clean your bathroom, don't write about the difference between chemicals and disinfectants because you will forget what you are talking about.The best help for a paper is a way to describe your idea. The idea is the most important thing in this particular paper. Write down what you need to write about. Don't just think, just write down your ideas for a p aper.Once you have decided what it is you are going to write about, choose a writer who is going to write it for you. By choosing a writer who is going to write your paper for you, you will be more likely to follow his or her instructions.A good writer will tell you what to write and what to leave out. You may be concerned about your grammar or if you are going to misspell words or if the words sound funny. Many of the things you can misspell are the words that will be used in the title of your paper.Even if you have not had much experience writing and even if you are not confident writing, you can help yourself by choosing a writer who has had a lot of experience writing. If you have written many papers, there is probably a person whose name you can remember. You should try to get their autograph. At the end of your paper, be sure to thank them for writing your paper for you.

Reflection Essay Profound Moment - 1637 Words

Carlos Benavides Professor Finn ENGW 1111 22 September 2016 Profound Moment It is dark. My eyes try to adjust to the sudden loss of light, my pupils dilating to their maximum size. I can’t see. Frantically I reach forward into the emptiness around me. I’m searching for something; what it is, is something I don’t even know. Is it familiarity? Is it light? Is it another just as lost as me? I ... am alone. In my panic I nearly miss it, something that was always there. Above me, a speck of light blinks into existence. It shines brightly against the sheet of black it is set upon. But its solitary life lasts for only a moment as the black sheet is poked with billions of holes. Before my eyes lies a magnificent show of light. I continue to stare as my once empty world is filled with pinpricks of brilliance. Suddenly a streak dances across the sky, a line cutting through night. As quickly as it appears, it vanishes, leaving only its faint impression. The sky is beautiful. It is a whisper†¦ falling effortles sly from my mouth. And of course that statement holds true. To explain my passion for space, you have to revert to childlike wonder. It isn’t just a love for the stars above, but also an endless awe for them. I am entranced by its many mysteries, by the lack of knowledge we have for it. I have never thought of a specific profound moment that I have had from my passion with astronomy and astrophysics because, frankly, it has always been profound. Past the ceiling of my room,Show MoreRelatedSpeech On Time Travel And Its Effect On The Places1542 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome one with our final experience. Due to prior knowledge, thoughts, and experiences in similar places, our primary focus is not on the current moment but on the many things related to it. Based on this, I theorize that being in a place allows humans to exist within multiple moments of time, giving us insight beyond our current positon. This essay will not consist of talk about time travel, but rather the explosi ve combination of our own wisdom and memories coupled with the natural mood of placesRead MoreThe Use of Literary Devices, Imagery, and Tone in Krapp’s Last Tape996 Words   |  4 PagesHe is essentially stuck in the past. The essay written below disputes the literary devices of imagery and tone in order to provide background and symbolism in the play. In Krapp’s Last Tape, the most important literary devices are imagery and tone because they provide human-like characteristics in the character. They also strive to portray one of the main themes of the play that is self-reflection and attraction towards past recollections. In this essay the use of these two literary conventionsRead MoreFreud and Jungs Father/Son Relationship835 Words   |  4 PagesFreud a signed copy of his published studies. Unknown to Jung, Freud had already purchased his own copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. Six months later, Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zà ¼rich.(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, 2014,p.1) When the two were finally able to meet in 1907 in Vienna, they sat and talked for thirteen hours straight.(Carr, J., 2012). From that day until 1909, theirRead MoreBlack Boy And The Grapes Of Wrath Analysis1728 Words   |  7 Pageshave a negative casting of religion, other writers feel the opposite. One writer is Kelly Crockett, who posits a positive reading of religion in The Grapes of Wrath. In her essay, she identifies a slew of biblical allusions, and argues that Steinbeck uses them to add depth to his narrative, which is visible through reflection and multiple readings. Moreover, two of her readings on biblical allusions, counter this paper’s readings: â€Å"Plainly, Steinbeck has made the Joads representative of the AmericanRead MoreCase Studies: Ethics in Journalism and Other Media1504 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Part One Media Issue Essay When the editor of a large metropolitan newspaper finds out one of the papers journalists has been basically plagiarizing stories, making up facts that fit his thesis and fabricating sources, the editor must be quick to formulate a response and to notify the readers of the paper as to what happened and what the papers response was to the incident. What should be done in this instance, and why? First of all, a journalist is in a trusted position vis-à  -vis the communityRead More The Numerous Themes in Othello Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe Numerous Themes in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate.    A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the theme of sexual jealousy in Othello:    But jealousy, and especially sexual jealousy, brings with it a sense of shameRead MoreSubject of Study and Importance of the Theory of Architecture.1428 Words   |  6 PagesDEFINITION, SCOPE OF STUDY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE. What is it thinking? Thinking is an activity we do naturally and spontaneously, each moment, every day, all human beings around the world during our stay ephemeral passing on this earth. The reality is something we can perceive with the senses, but the reality is something hidden that will not perceive the senses. To any reality we get a lot of questions: what, why, for whom is, by whom, etc.. We ask for things weRead More Symbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find and Araby Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesMisfit said, â€Å"if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life,†(OConner 425). might be the way OConner felt about most of us alive, or how she felt that God must feel about us. The third, and final stage of the Grandmother is the moment of recovery. She finally sees The Misfit for who he really is, a person just like her. He is not someone who was made by his social class. He is a simple human being just like her. At this point she sees herself in relation to everyone else. She finallyRead MoreThe Iliad Or The Poem Of Force1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn her essay, The Iliad or The Poem of Force, Simone Weil argues, â€Å"The true hero, the true subject matter, the center of the Iliad, is force,† (152). â€Å"Force† is defined as, â€Å"that x that turns anybody who is subjected to it/ into a thing,† (153). Weil perceives force as an active entity that is capable of profound, negative, influences on the lives it touches (153). For a hero, force replaces his rational sensibilities by an uncontrollable urge to slaughter his opponent in an animalistic fashion,Read MoreEssay about Down The Rabbit Hole1657 Words   |  7 PagesDown the Rabbit Hole Boys journey to becoming a man â€Å"One of the signs of passing youth, is the birth of a sense of fellowship with other human beings as we take our place among them† (Virginia Wolfe). In our culture, do we define the moment a boy becomes a man by his age? Is it by his size, stature or accomplishments? Does it happen the first time he makes love to a woman? Wikipedia defines coming of age as a young person’s transition from childhood to adulthood. I believe adulthood can be distinguished

Julius Caesar Essay Reaching from the Grave - 961 Words

Reaching from the Gravenbsp;ofnbsp;Julius Caesar nbsp; It is assumed that the title of a work should reflect the nature of its content.nbsp;The title should relate to the to the central influence which controls the flow of the work. Shakespeares Julius Caesar seems to contradict that convention. Caesar meets his bloody end at the hands of conspirators in the first scene of Act III, barely halfway through the play. He is not the tragic hero; that distinction lies with Brutus and Cassius, around whom the play revolves before and after the assassination. This essay will show that althoughnbsp;Caesar is not the hero of this tragedy,nbsp;he certainly is thenbsp;title character. nbsp; Like the storm in the first scene of The†¦show more content†¦Thy evil spirit, Brutus. BRUTUS. Why comst thou? GHOST. To tell thee thou shalt see me at Philippi. BRUTUS. Well; then I shall see thee again? GHOST. Ay, at Philippi. Julius Caesar, IV.iii.280-284 nbsp; Octavius, the Caesar that does appear to Brutus at Philippi, brings this rebellious mood to the battlefield, saying, I draw a sword against conspirators. When think you that the sword goes up again? Never, till Caesars three and thirty wounds be well avenged; or till [I, too,] have added slaughter to the sword of traitors (V.i.51-55). Octavius and Antony dedicate themselves to avenging Caesar. The dead ruler, however, exacts his revenge himself, driving both Cassius and Brutus to suicide. Here, take thou the hilts, and when my face is covered, as tis now, guide thou the sword -- Caesar, thou art avenged, even with the sword that killed thee (V.iii.43-46). Thus Cassius bids his servant Pindarus to kill him. One by one, the other conspirators follow suit. Brutus, discovering their slain forms, declares, O Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet! Thy spirit walks abroad, and turns our swords in our own proper entrails (V.iii.94-96). Scene v shows Brutus finally giving in and joining his fell ow senators in death, unable to bear the grief of their loss nor the guilt at killing Caesar in the first place. Thus Caesar, though dead and physically gone, remains a powerful presence throughout the second half of the play. The guilt that he inspires in theShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagessaleable morality. He is a moralist-cum-worldly wise man. Bacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in â€Å"Of Envy†, he puts: â€Å"A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.† Then, in his essay â€Å"Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature† he says: â€Å"But in charity there is no excess; neitherRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesNot Treating It Fairly ..................................................................... 174 Not Accepting the Burden of Proof ............................................................................................. 175 Diverting Attention from the Issue ............................................................................................. 176 Re-defining the Issue ....................................................................................................................

Corporate Finance for Managers

Questions: Question 1: Concept of Time Value of MoneyBy using the concept of time value of money, please use a few sentences plus numerical example to show your understanding in the following questions:a. Why is it better to receive $1 today than at some point in the future?b. During the global financial crisis, interest rate in Australia fell to low levels, but some relatively safe investments such as bank deposits were just barely above zero in United States. If the interest rate is actually zero, what is the relationship between the present value and the future value of money? c. What is the importance to an individual and corporate manager of understanding time value of money concepts? Under what circumstance would the time value of money be irrelevant from the perspective of corporate view? Question 2: Present Value and Future ValueAs a winning team of Dragon Boat Race Competition in WA, your team was given to choose one of the following prizes:a. $100,000 now.b. $180,000 at the end of five years.c. $11,400 a year forever.d. $19,000 for each of 10 years.e. $6,500 next year and increasing thereafter by 5 per cent a year forever.Your team was dazzled by these options, and the other team members turned to you for your help as you are studying finance courses in a university. If the interest rate is 12 per cent, how are you going to help your team to make the choice? (Please state detailed calculations, reasons, and the logic leading to your choice).Question 3: Present Value, Future Value, and Inflation RateThe following table shows national income per capital in 2013 in a sample of OECD countries and recent rates of inflation: Income per capital Annual inflation (US$) (%/year) Australia 65,520 2.7 France 42,250 0.69 Germany 46,100 1.43 Greece 22,530 -1.71 Japan 46,140 1.61 Switzerland 86,600 0.07 Turkey 10,950 7.4 UK 39,140 1.2 USA 53,670 1.5 If recent inflation rates persist in the future, what nominal income will be needed in each country in 2020 just to keep pace with inflation?Question 4: Effective Interest Rate You and your partner want to buy a house.City Bank will give you a $200,000 loan for 20 years. They will charge you 5% concessional interest for the first year, after which the loan reverts to their normal variable rate, which is currently 8.75%. They will also charge you a $600 application fee, plus when you make your loan enquiry you can have as much coffee as you can drink.The Republic Bank will also give you a $200,000 loan for 20 years, but their concessional interest rate for the first year is 6.75%, after which the loan reverts to their normal variable rate, which is also 8.75%. However, there is no fee and no coffee.Both banks compound interest daily and you will make your loan payments fortnightly. Assume there are 26 fortnights per year (520 over 20 years), and banks use a 365-day year to calculate t he interest charge.Required:a. What would your fortnightly loan payment be for each bank? b. Assuming you can drink $5 worth of coffee, which bank offers the best deal.Question 5: Present Value and the Opportunity Cost of Capital Kwinana Explorations Ltd have just struck oil in Western Australia. Their share price jumps from $1 to $15.Required:a. Explain why the equilibrium price has changed. b. Do you think the required rate of return for Kwinana will have changed? c. Assume the required rate of return does not change and is 20 per cent. Assume investors had believed there was no chance of an oil strike and expected that the company would wind up at the end of the year. How large a liquidating dividend had they expected? If the company is now to be sold to a multinational oil company at the end of the year, how much do investors expect to get per share? d. Using your answers from Part , calculate the expected return before and after news of the oil strike. e. Assume you got early n ews of the oil strike. What should you do, and what would be your expected return? f. Calculate the NPV of investing $1000 in Kwinana immediately before the news of the oil strike, and calculate NPV of a $1000 investment made immediately after the news. Question 6: Bond Imagine it is year 1815 and you are a trader in British government consols (consolidated war loan a perpetual security). It is the morning of Monday 19 June, the day after the battle of Waterloo. The British were the victors, but the battle was not decided until about nine in the evening. You believe that currently you are the only trader who knows the outcome of the battle.Would you be buying or selling consols? Explain your answer.Question 7: Share Valuation Investors expect the following series of dividends from a particular ordinary share: Year 1 $1.10Year 2 $1.25Year 3 $1.45Year 4 $1.60Year 5 $1.75After the fifth year, dividends will grow at a constant rate. If the required rate of return on this equity is 9% a nd the current market price is $45.64.Required:a. What is the long-term rate of dividend growth expected by the market?b. In the dividend constant-growth model we can apply the equation that P=D/(r-g) only under the assumption that rg. Suppose someone tries to argue with you that for a certain share, r g forever, not just during a temporary growth spurt. Why cant this be the case? What would happen to the share price if this were true? If you try to answer simply by looking at the formula you will almost certainly get the wrong answer. Think it through. Question 8: Investment Decision As a chief financial officer of Delta Pharmaceuticals, you recently received a capital expenditure analysis from your financial team. The two selection criteria results are presented below: Investment NPV IRR Project ($,000) ($,000) (%) 1 300 66 17.2 2 200 -4 10.7 3 250 43 16.6 4 100 14 12.1 5 100 7 11.8 6 350 63 18 7 400 48 13.5 Your company has only $1 million allocated for capital expenditures. The cost of capital for each project is 11 per cent.Requireda. Which of the above projects should the company accept to stay within the $1 million budget?b. How much does the budget limit cost the company in terms of its market value? Answers: 1. Concept of Time value of Money a. The Reason for taking 1$ today rather than at some point of time because the dollar received today can be invested to make more money in future. Apart from that, saving today allows to earn interest on their saving of 1$ which will give higher return in future (Andriosopoulos and Lasfer 2014). b. Global financial catastrophe during 2008 has created housing bubble and lowered the bam interest rate which affected the future value of present invested money. Since the interest is zero then the present value of money would be decreases which would decrease the future value of money. Interest rate for the money is zero would decreases the PV which would again decreases the FV. The relationship between PV and FV is if one increases, the other increases assuming that the interest rate and number of periods remains constant. c. One of the major concepts of time value of money is that money received at different period of time has different value. The corporate manager sees the time value of money ahs opportunity for increasing its funds in future. The fundamental behvaiour behind the this thought is that money the company receive in future would have less purchasing power that money the company own now , this is because of the rising inflation rate (Connor 2006). As for the individuals, if the individuals need $50000 after the retirement from the job of 10 years. The amount needed to deposit at every year from now would be determine the by using the time value of money. The time value of money affects corporate managers when budgeting and planning for fiscal years will be helping the company to manage and control the expenditure. The time value of money will be irrelevant if the interest rate is not given. Future value is irrelevant if the future value is double the present value of investment. Apart from the above, if the time of the future is value of the investment not been given then it will be irrelevant (McSweeney 2006). Time= Money/Cost 2. Present value and Future value As wining prizes , the team will be choosing the $100,000 now because as per the time value of money the money which will be received today will give higher return in future rather than future money. 100,000 *12%= 12000 per month from now onwards Which means , the team will be able to receive= 144000 total at end of every year This shows = 144000 x 5 years = 720,000 in future. This will be higher than the 180000 at the end of five years where the team will only be able to receive 3000 per month till five years. From the above, it has been found that money which will be received today will give higher value because the purchasing power of the money is decreasing every year (McSweeney 2006). Besides that, the time value of money will give an insight of the earnings from the present value of money per month. FVOA= A* (1+r)n-1/r =100,000 x (1+0.12)5-1/5 =100000 x 0.15 = 15246.83 The rest of the option like 180000 for five year ending , 114000 year forever , 19000 for each years of 10 years and 6500 for forever only decrease the value of money future because as the inflation rate is been increasing and the value of money will be decreasing future. 3. Present value, future value and inflation rate Income per capita Annual inflation rate % Nominal income (2013- 2020) Australia 65520 2.7 5326.534874 France 42250 0.69 3028.52 Germany 46100 1.43 3388.065 Greece 22,530 -1.71 -22259.92 Japan 46140 1.61 49251.74 Switzerland 86,600 0.07 8734.394 Turkey 10,950 7.4 1233.33 UK 39140 1.2 2877.94 USA 53,670 1.5 4036.92 FVOA = A x (1+r)n -1/r Australia France Germany Greece 1.0495 0.0079 0.0162 0.0219 1.402 1.0079 1.0162 -1.164 0.402 1.056628003 1.11906 -2.164 0.08129632 0.056628003 -0.988 5326.534874 0.071681017 0.11906 -22259.92382 3028.52 0.0735 3388.065432 Japan Switzerland Turkey UK USA 0.0401 0.1199 2.75 1.125 1.173 1.0401 1.1199 1.75 0.0735 0.075 1.317 2.209 0.113 2877.94 4036.92 1.067 1.209 1233.33 49251.74 0.101 8734.394 4. Effective Interest Rate a. City Bank Loan = 200000 Interest for 1st year = 5% Fortnight = 14 days Compound interest daily EAR = 1+(i/m)m 1 EAR = 1+(0.05/14)14 - 1 EAR = 5.118% F.V. = 3,951,907.97 Application fee = 600 F.V. = 3,951,907.97 + 600 = 3,952,508 The Republic Bank Loan = 200000 Interest for 1st year = 6.75% Fortnight = 14 days Compound interest daily EAR = 1+(i/m)m 1 EAR = 1+(.0675/14)14 1 EAR = 6.966% F.V. = 4,499,141 Both of the bank have to pay 3,952,508 and 4499,141 of fortnightly loan payment. This shows that bank will have to pay more than what it was expected. b.If I drink 5$ worth of coffee then the bank of then I will be choosing the republic banks. One of the major reason for choosing the bank because it charges less interest on coffee and offers a best deal for the client and the company. 5. Present Value and the Opportunity Cost of capital a. The the equilibrium price of the market has been changed because of the Kwinana has purchased the oil field in Western Australia. b. The required of rate of return of the company will be changed because the share price of the company has been jump off from $1 to $15. Since the price of the company has changed it made the company to gain the large or pool of investor who are willing to invest in the company. c. If the company rate of return is not been changed and company is looking to winding up the then investors will get the small percentage of the investment as dividend because of the company has to settle its debt and preference shares. Apart from that, if the Kwinana is looking to sell its company to the largest MNC then they expect share of return will be given as per the share purchased by the investors (Svennebring et al. 2013). d. Expected rate of return would be before news of oil strike would be higher with $15 and after the news the shareholding of the demand will decreased upto $1.20. This shows that strike and other external threats make the investors to change decisions on investment. 6. Bond As per the situation I will sell the shares of the British government consoles. I would sell the loan to as because I know the fate of the war already. The buying of loan would make would cost me higher because of the government has not yet announced when it will be repaying the debt. The money which I will receive today will be more valuable than the tomorrow money. It is simply time value calculations. After the battle is won the government will take at least more than 8-10 years to repay the consolidated loan. 7. Share valuation a. Present Value (P) 45.64 Return on Equity (Ke) 9% Expected Dividend (D1) 1.75 The long term growth rate of dividend shows that , expected dividend is 1.75. These investors who are investing more than 1.45 is very much helpful to gain the long term benefits in future. b. P = D1/(Ke g) 45.64 = 1.75/(0.09 g) g = 0.052% With the help of dividend constants growth model shows the growth of shares by 0.052%. This is because of the assumption under rg. If the scenario is just opposite with r 8. Investment decision Project Investment NPV 1 300 66 2 350 63 3 400 48 4 250 43 5 100 14 Project Investment IRR (%) 1 350 18 2 300 17.2 3 250 16.6 4 400 13.5 a. If the company has one million budget then the company will be choosing highest NPV value giving project such 66, 63 and 43 are the annual return. As per the IRR , the chosen investment rate here would be 18, 17.2 and 16.6. From the above calculation the chosen portfolio investment project for the delta pharmaceuticals would be 350, 250 and 300=900. The rest would be left out. b. As per the budget limit has cost the company to choose only those project which has higher NPV such as 66, 63 , 14 and 43 . however, although the 48 has highest rate of return but it fails to fulfill the 1 million project therefore the 14 npv has been chosen which is has investment worth of $100. Reference List Journals Andriosopoulos, Dimitris, and Meziane Lasfer. 2014. 'The Market Valuation Of Share Repurchases In Europe'. Journal Of Banking Finance. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.04.017. Connor, Tom. 2006. 'Net Present Value: Blame The Workman Not The Tool'. Strat. Change 15 (4): 197-204. doi:10.1002/jsc.766. McSweeney, Brendan. 2006. 'Net Present Value: The Illusion Of Certainty'. Strat. Change 15 (1): 47-51. doi:10.1002/jsc.746. Svennebring, Andreas M, and Jarl ES Wikberg. 2013. 'Net Present Value Approaches For Drug Discovery'. Springerplus 2 (1): 140. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-140.

travel book Review Essay Example

travel book Review Paper Essay on travel book You know, at first wrote a separate review, but thought better of it in time, it may give rise to the negative trend, because the precedent has already been a review of the book not been read. So I quickly removed my review. Accomplish your goal, let, you have in the comments. Hello, dear reader. Well, hello, saying the subject! I the book. Hare Hare wolf a wolf! We passed already. And Im alive. Yah! Growing up? Propagated? Or maybe you feel something, love? Maybe even dying? My name is Travel Book. Very nice but who am I kidding? Can you see me. Thank you, I somehow understood. Or is it the fact that it is too early to imagine that I can hear you? Early? Tell them when to start. I see you, too. Hmm A laugh is already possible? Early? Tell them when to start. I can, if you agree, to captivate you in the easiest, most intimate and the most simple of travel. Ill tell you a secret: it is capable of any book. And you the protagonist. Who is it butter! I spoiled all t he charm! I think that is a good book it is a mirror in which you find yourself. But not Oscar Wilde Is your real name? But thats what I tell you, the book is not any reflector good. About the kingdom of crooked mirrors have not heard? It is also, incidentally, the book. You probably never met. So thats a good book, a person sees their flaws, the bad their justification. I think I understand what you can see in you Bernard Werber At this time, wrote personally to you! Only for you! So how are you to multiply? Is that you, book, teach people (annotation authors) to write such vulgar and vile praises for me? Then goodbye! Goodbye! And do not promise anything, and do not say anything, but in order to understand my sorrow

Seizure Symptoms Essay Example

Seizure Symptoms Essay Example Seizure Symptoms Essay Seizure Symptoms Essay In a nutshell, the general symptoms of seizure include the staring spell, loss of consciousness, uncontrollable jerking and psychic symptoms. One is advised to seek medical attention when the seizure lasts for more than five minutes. If a second seizure follows immediately, one needs to see the doctor easily. If the breathing or consciousness doesnt return after the seizure stops or if the patient has experienced heat exhaustion. If an individual has experienced a seizure for the first time, one need to seek medical advice. Having seizure can lead to various circumstances that can cause complications. When one falls during a seizure, they can injure their head or break their neck. If epilepsy occurs, one becomes 15 to 19 minutes likely to drown while swimming or even bathing than the rest of the population. A seizure is dangerous as it can cause car accident when the driver loses awareness or even control. It can also lead to pregnancy complications posing a danger to both the mother and the baby. The situation needs to be often checked, or it can easily result in unexplained death whereby the cause is known but the research done will indicate that the person died from the heart or respiratory condition. Partial and generalized seizure A seizure occurs in different categories. They are classified into two groups which are partial and generalized. Partial Seizures This category of seizure is often very subtle and rare. Due to its nature of being unnoticed, it can go unnoticed or can be confused with other events in the brain, therefore, spreading to other regions of the brain (Brandt Puente, n.d.). When they spread to the rest of the brain, then they graduate, and they are now called generalized seizures, most commonly referred to as clonic seizure. The study has it that approximately 60% of people with partial seizure are sometimes very resistant to antiepileptic medications. Simple partial seizures. There are short seizures that are usually called aura, and they can occur before a complex partial or tonic seizure but on their own. In this case, there is no loss of awareness or consciousness and they usually last less than a minute (Brandt Puente, n.d.). The simple partial seizures include sensory numbness and a burning sensation in the region of the body. There is also jerking of limbs and twitching of face. The patient start blushing, having nausea and a racing heart. Hallucinations are also part of the simple partial seizure. Complex Partial Seizures A seizure is said to vary widely depending on the place they start in the brain. Various seizures begin with an individual having loss of expression or a vague and confused appearance (Jason Brandt Antonio Puente, n.d.). Most of the individuals appear to have an altered consciousness and they might or might not respond. The individuals have a problem in answering such that if they do respond, they are usually inappropriate. In other context, people portray unusual behaviors that they keep on repeating. The partial seizure can last from 30 seconds to three minutes. After the seizure, the person wakes up feeling confused, and they might not even remember anything about the seizure. Generalized Seizures Generalized seizures are the most occurring seizure in the brain. Due to this fact, the seizure causes an individual to lose consciousness at the beginning of the seizure. A generalized seizure can occur after the simple seizure has occurred and as a result, they are termed as secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure (Cerqueira, Vieira, Maia Sweet, 2007). These type of seizure are the most recognized as they begin with an abrupt loss of consciousness whereby the individual cry out. If the person was standing, then the person falls, and his or her body stiffens, a condition that is known as a tonic. The situation is followed by the jerking of muscle whereby the situation is referred to as the clonic. The breathing of that person becomes suspended temporarily causing the lips and the complexion of the individual to turn grey or bluish. Most of the times, saliva accumulates in the persons mouth, and if the patient happens to have bitten his or her tongue, there can be an accumulation of blood in the mouth (Cerqueira, et.al, 2007). The individual often has loss of bladder control; he gets confused after waking, and he is eventually followed by headaches and soreness. The seizure usually last approximately two minutes or less. Primary generalized seizure begins with a general electrical discharge that involves both sides of the brain at once. The seizures have got hereditary factors, and they are important since they are the main factors in considering the outcome of the seizures. Etiology of Seizures. Although many seizures are idiopathic, the abnormal electrical brain activity occurring with the seizure are often an identified cause. In the cellular level, the activity of seizure can be caused by an alteration in the permeability of the cell membrane or the movement of the ions across the cell membrane of the neurons. Other theories about the cellular etiology involve having the decreased inhibition of cortical or thalamic neuronal activity or the changes in the cell structure that alter cellular excitability. Etiology classification falls into two broad categories which are primary/unprovoked or idiopathic seizures and secondary protected or acute symptomatic seizures. Primary epilepsy comprises of 65% of the seizure disorder, and its cause might be probably be traced back to the disorder (Brandt Puente, n.d.). Secondary or provoked seizures account for the remaining 35% of the seizure disorder. The secondary or the provoked seizures can be prevented if the disorder can be traced. The prevention can only happen if the disorder can be traceable. A metabolic disorder like electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, uremia, alkalois withdrawal of addictive drugs and the ingestion of toxins has been known to be linked to seizure disorders. The other space occupying lesions of the CNS is the subsequent seizure that affects individuals between the ages of 35-50 (Brandt Puente, n.d.). The initial symptoms of the seizure patients amount to 40% and any disease that can be able to impair the blood flow in the body can provoke a seizure. The increase in the likelihood of a seizure increases with the increase of severity of cerebral ischemia. The vascular disease becomes the most common cause of seizure with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular insufficiency and cerebral infarction. The most common vasc ular disorder provoking seizures occur after the age of 60. Several infections of the CNS like bacterial meningitis, malaria, neurosyphilis, rallies, toxoplasmosis, brain abscesses and HIV-associated infection. The infection did usually account for almost 3 % of the acquired epilepsy and the other like acutely isolated seizure amounts for 10% to 24% (Brandt Puente, n.d.). The recent study indicated that the causes of seizures are usually a phenomenon named as photosensitive epilepsy which is the primary cause of seizure in children and adults that are exposed to geometric video pattern. The concept came to light when the Japanese children experienced seizures after watching a television show with colored, flickering lights (El-Radhi, 2015). In consideration of the dental factors, there are various causes of seizures like the hypoxia secondary to syncope, local anesthetic toxify and epilepsy. With some being entirely preventable with the assessment and proper patient management, making a medical history and reducing stress will enable the seizure caused by epilepsies to be preventable.

To Explore the Model of Future Intelligent Buildings via the 2010 Dissertation

To Explore the Model of Future Intelligent Buildings via the 2010 Shanghai World Expo - Dissertation Example Words fail me, suffice to say thank you. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Abbas Elmualim, Academic Supervisor who made this piece of academic work a reality through his invaluable guidance, his assistance is greatly appreciated. I would also like to extend my gratitude to the MSc. Intelligent Buildings lecturers as the knowledge I gained during the lectures is precious and an inheritance for life. My grateful appreciation and thanks are extended to the following people who contributed directly and indirectly to the completion of this work: Gulay Ozkan Maxwell Masuku Bekithemba Mpofu Andrew Fraser Prof. Derek J. Clements- Croome Prof. Kecheng Lui To Patty, Samantha and Richard l says thanks for all your understanding and love. Finally I am grateful for the contribution made by GOD who ensured that I complete this dissertation. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1 Figure 1.2 Tomb of Cyrus 2 Figure 1.3. Sydney Opera House 2 Figure 1.4 Ostia Antee Roma 4 Figure 1.5 Pueblo Indian Dwelling 5 Figure 1.6 Frank L. Wright 6 Figure 1.7 La Sagtada Familia 8 Figure 1.8 La Sagtada Familia 8 Figure 1.9 La Sagtada Familia 9 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Generations of Intelligent Buildings .14 Table 2.2 Pathology 15 Table 2.3 Matrix Tools 24 Table 2.4 Performance Factors 26 Table 2.5 Matrix Tools Analysis 28 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii STATEMENT OF PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION iii PREFACE iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 History of Architecture 1 1.2 Apartments. 3 1.3 Elevators 5 1.4 Architects of the 20th Century 6 1.5 Antoni Gaudi 7 1.6 Pei `9 1.7Other Trendsetters 10 Conclusions 13 CHAPTER 2: INTELLIGENT...We try to estimate various tools and concepts that give rise to similar results. In the process the notion of cultural diversity and varying climatic condition and socio-economic back grounds are often over looked. Therefore, this paper makes a full-fledged attempt to try to analyze ways in which such innovative technology could be made universal to integrate well with varying socio-cultural and climatic challenges. In the process it tries to understand the basic concept of an intelligent building, its aims and objectives, the special attributes that makes the design unique and truly smart enough to integrate with the existing setup. To determine the actual usability and cultural generalizability of these intelligent buildings, the people who experienced either building them or working in them were interviewed. The results of these interviews are shared in this study. Maslow theorized that man (for the sake of brevity) has a hierarchy of needs that must be met before he can reach a level of self-actualization, creativity, self-expression, and a place in life whereby he is able to express himself using his full capabilities. These underling needs must be satisfied first include, among other things, safety, shelter, and belonging. It does not take must imagination to recognize that architecture succumbs to this same hierarchy—first, man built sturdy, safe dwellings that provided security against marauders and the elements.

Peer reviewed journal related to the key foods Article

Peer reviewed journal related to the key foods - Article Example Alternatively the starch and stew combination are redred and Tubman or moimoi mainly based on vegetable protein. Cassava is classified as a perennial plant that grows well under tropical climate, moist fertile and well-drained soils. A complete mature full grown plant reaches a height of about 2-4 meters. Under the cultivation fields, cut stem sections are planted like sugar canes each tube weighs one to several pounds depending upon the cultural type. A cassava is a gray-brown, rough woody textured skin, with a white color starch rich sweet-flavored meat that should be eaten only after cooking. Cassava is used to prepare different king of dishes which include Akple which is fermented cassava and corn dough, fufu which is a pounded cassava and Konkonte which is primarily dried peeled cassava powder. Cassava is the world third source of carbohydrates but a poor source of protein. Additionally, it has a nearly twice the calories than potatoes, in a 100g root it provides 160 calories, which comes from sucrose forming the bulk of the sugars in tubers. Cassava has very low fats and protein content than in cereals and pulses (Wagner, 2010) Young tender cassava leaves are a rich source of dietary, copper, magnesium and vitamin K which is vital in bone construction promoting Osteotrophic activity in the bones. It has medicinal value of treating Alzheimer’s disease patients by limiting neuronal damages in the brain. Fufu is prepared by boiling the peeled cassava and pounding into a dough-like consistency and later served with a soup. Cassava is a rich source of carbohydrates which acts as fuel for energy; bodies require energy for their functionality and day to day activity. Cassava being a fiber food, it reduces the risk of heart diseases and cancer also helps in diabetic and constipation reduction. In conduction, since it is a source of saponins, it helps reduce cholesterol levels and reduce acidic levels in the body

Fallacies Assignment Essay Example for Free

Fallacies Assignment Essay The source in question is a response to the episode of â€Å"Oprah† that featured an â€Å"expose† of puppy mills. The person posting to the site makes several arguments that attempt to support the claim that animal breeders are responsible for pet overpopulation, all based on fallacies. Overall, the writer makes an appeal to the readers’ emotions. One such argument is that â€Å"Ive volunteered in the rescue trenches for over ten years of non-stop blood, sweat and mostly tears. † This statement is not only an appeal to emotion due to the â€Å"mostly tears† statement, but it is also an appeal to emotion in that it focuses on the negative aspects of rescue and with the reference to being â€Å"in the trenches,† the writer compares being in rescue to war (par. 3). The writer makes an appeal to authority, citing Oprah as an example of the desirability of adopting a pet, stating that â€Å"she has been educated† and that â€Å"if [Oprah’s] who she appears to be† that she would adopt her next pet (par. 6). The writer follows up this appeal to authority with an ad ignorantiam, with the question â€Å"how could she not? † implying that adoption would be the only way that a reasonable person, in this case, Oprah, would acquire another pet. In addition, the writer makes a red herring argument about the nature of the purebred dog, stating that it is a manipulated creature and therefore is not worth having. How this argument relates to the argument about overpopulation is never made clear, other than that it demonizes breeders and owners of purebred animals. Finally, the writer makes two statements of innuendo. The first of these is the implication that the reader and Oprah are both foolish if they don’t realize that Oprah can get her purebred Cocker Spaniels from sources other than a breedernot pausing to make the connection that all purebreds have their origin with a breeder, good or bad. The writer also makes the comment that she challenges the reader to volunteer with a breed rescue to get â€Å"a big dose of reality,† implying that the reader is ignorant and that only by doing what the writer has already done can the reader understand the â€Å"truth. † The entire post made by the writer is based on fallacies; there is not a single attempt to support these assertions with fact. Although there is some good argument for adopting a pet from a shelter, the writer seems to prefer to make arguments that will either inflame or confuse the reader, rather than providing good information to the reader. Reference Not all breeders are bad. (2008). Message 17. Retrieved from http://www. oprah. com/community/message/370577 17. Re: NOT ALL BREEDERS AND PETSTORES ARE BAD Apr 6, 2008 3:38 PM The bottom line is that it doesnt matter. The bottom line is that we are in a huge, crushing pet overpopulation crisis. HUGE. How is that conveniently ignored by the people who make more dogs for money? Ask yourself, What is your pet stores motive? Money. Ironically, thats what matters the most in all business. Sure there are responsible breeders. But who cares? These responsible breeders are still part of the problem: adding more pets into a pet overpopulation crisis of unbelievable proportions. Youre still dealing with a really unethical issue here making more dogs for money while millions die. Can you ignore that? How can you make that o. k. in your mind? Ive volunteered in the rescue trenches for over ten years of non-stop blood, sweat and mostly tears. I can sit here right now and tell everyone reading this that you can adopt any kind of dog you want. Any kind. Big or small. Whatever breed. You know why? Because owners are irresponsible and dump the pets like so much garbage because theyre moving. Or theyre having a baby. Or whatever else stupid reasons Ive heard. Its a disposable society. There are rescues working for nothing to save these animals. Who are you going to believe has the best interests of the animals at heart? The non-profit rescues, or the Pet Store/Breeder industries who are in it for one reason only: to make money? The breeders will tell you that theyre doing it for the preservation of the breed or some such thing. The truth is that there are are a whole lot of these same purebreds dying because there arent enough homes. The purebred rescues dont have any shelter facilities they cant afford them, just like any rescue cant. They rely soley on foster homes. When youre full, youre full. So for those of you thinking, Well, the rescues will save them, it just isnt true. There are just too many. Finally, lets think about what a purebred dog is. Its an animal that has been manipulated by man through breeding practices to have certain traits that man wants. Thats all. Purebreed dogs were never just naturally born that way. They were manipulated over the years to become breeds by men. So if you truly want a purebred dog, theres only one: Natures purebred. Never manipulated, never messed with. Thats why mutts are always healthier and have natural immune systems. Thats why Golden Retrievers have such a high incidence of Hip Dysplasia, for example. As for Oprah, she has been educated. All of us, at one point in our lives, didnt know what we know now. If shes who she appears to be, then she will adopt her next Cocker from a Cocker rescue. How could she not. (Btw, there are three Cocker Rescues in the city I live in, two Golden rescues, two Doxie rescues and it goes on and on just like that with every breed. ) To suggest that Oprah could have only gotten her PURE BREED Cocker Spaniel from a breeder is absolutely ignorant and completely ludacris. You are clueless as to what is really going on out there. People dump their animals (which they bought from pet stores and breeders) and the rest of us who care about them and not money are left to care for these innocent animals. A dog is a precious gift, not a purchase that has monetary value and as such, can be thrown away or sold again through the paper. Sorry! I suggest a big dose of reality. I challenge you to go and volunteer for your local Cocker Spaniel rescue. You will not ever be the same again and one day, you will wonder how you could have worked in a Pet Store that sells animals. Ever hear of Petsmart? Huge corporation. They refuse to sell animals. Ask yourself why. And please, go educate yourself. I took in a scarred up two year old Shar Pei mix whom I found wandering on an Indian Reservation. She is the most loving, loyal, gentle, silly, playful and amazing dog anyone could hope for. Are you actually going to tell me that her life is worth less than a purebred Cocker Spaniel from your store Her life and the life of the dogs in your store are all priceless. PRICELESS. Get it? Lets start changing our thinking, people, for the sake of all animals. Until there are no more; adopt. Dont Breed or Buy while Homeless Animals Die. Sorry, but Pet Stores and Breeders are losing ground and for good reason..

Case Management Essay -- Health Care, Hospitals

Case Management Case management has become the standard method of managing health care delivery systems today. In recent decades, case management has become widespread throughout healthcare areas, professionals, and models in the United States; and it has been extended to a wide range of clients (Park & Huber, 2009). The primary goal of case management is to deliver quality care to patients in the most cost effective approach by managing human and material resources. The focus of this paper is on the concept of case management and how it developed historically, the definition of case management, the components of case management, and how it relates to other nursing care delivery models. History of Case Management The concept of Case management has was first introduced in the 1970’s by insurance companies as a way to monitor and control costly health insurance claims, commonly created by a catastrophic accident or illness (Jacob & Cherry, 2007). Today almost every major health care organization has a case management program managing and directing the use of health care services for their clients. Also, case management by payer organizations is recognized as external case management. Hospitals recognized the need for the case management model in the mid 1980’s to manage the lengths of stay of hospitalized patients and the treatment plans (Jacob & Cherry, 2007). In 1983, the Medicare prospective payment program was implemented which allowed hospitals to be reimbursed a set payment based on the patient’s diagnosis, or Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), regardless of what treatment was provided or how long the patient was hospitalized (Jacob & Cherry, 2007). To keep the costs below the diagnosis related payment, hospitals ... ...ut supplements nursing care in a health care facility (Jacob & Cherry, 2007). For example, if a hospital’s medical-surgical unit uses a team nursing approach to patient care, a system of case management also might be in place to assist with coordinating the patient’s total care through discharge (Jacob & Cherry, 2007). Moreover, case management is not always necessary with every patient in a health care facility. Typically case management is generally reserved for the seriously ill or injured, chronically ill, and high cost cases (Jacob & Cherry, 2007). In brief, case managers are a unique segment of the healthcare workforce. They share the same goals and standards of practice but are multidisciplinary and have diverse academic educational backgrounds and work environments (Park & Huber, 2009). case management leads to better manage health of individuals. â€Æ'

Employment and Staff Essay

Motivating staff is essential to a business, because if the staff are motivated that means they’re happy, and are happy to do the job and are more likely to do a better job than someone who’s unmotivated and unhappy. To motivate staff, business can use one of the motivational theories, researched by theorists such as Taylor, McGregor, McClelland, Vroom, Herzberg, Maslow and Mayo. Mayo’s research found that after a number of experiments testing incentive schemes, rest period, hours of work, and changes in lighting and heating whatever changes were made, output continued to rise. This motivated the staff, and Tesco uses this theory to motivate their staff. All of their staff gets breaks, so when they are tired of the job, they can go to a canteen to get some food, or just sit down and rest. Also nowadays a lot of people smoke, and if a person has been smoking for a while, they tend to get stressed easily, and they need a cigarette to calm themselves down, so Tesco lets people to have cigarette breaks when people get stressed out. Also the conditions of work will help to motivate the staff, for example in summer when it’s really hot all of their stores have air conditioning, so all the staff and their customers are cool, because people tend to work better and are happier when they are cool. Tesco also uses Maslow’s theory, which suggests that the staff needs to be ranked into hierarchy, so for example the bottom of the hierarchy will have basic needs, when the top of the hierarchy will have greater needs. So someone who works in a store stocking shelves, their needs will be to have a break when they’re working, to get a new uniform etc. Where the area manager for example will have greater needs, for example because they have to travel a lot from store to store they will want to get a car for them to be able to travel, also the petrol to be paid for. Also because their role involves a lot of responsibility they will expect to get paid more for doing the job than someone who works in a store and their only responsibility is to make sure that all of the shelves are stocked up. If all of their staff needs are unsatisfied, then it means the staff will be unhappy and unmotivated which will reflect in their performance. Tesco also uses McGregor’s theory, which suggests that all employs should be punished if they did a bad job and rewarded if they did a good job. For example if an employee does a bad job they will be threatened and get a disciplinary, which means if they do it again they might lose their job. If a person does a good job, they will be recognised, and their manager might have a chat with them to reflect on their performance and make sure that they are aware that they did a good job and the person is in a higher position, such as a manager, they will get a bonus.  M3) Performance indicators Business have many ways of measuring their staff performance, for example they can use time periods for measuring, for example ASDA might measure their employees performance by how many customers they’ve served in one hour. This method does not work for all businesses, for example clothes manufacturer might not use this method because they need quality not quantity, and if they push t heir staff to make shirts faster they might make them poor quality or they might not fit. This helps develop their staff because they set themselves a target and this motivates people because people like challenges, and they are clear on what they need to do for the day. Also by achieving their target they might get a reward for it so it motivates them. Goal theory Another method of measuring performance is setting their employees goals. The best goals are when the employee and the employer both agree on what’s important and working together to achieve that goal. Clear and challenging goals can motivate their staff. For example ASDA might use this method on people who are stocking up the store. For example the manager might say that today they need to move couple shelves somewhere else and stock them up and they have 2 hours to do it. This help the staff to develop, because they know what’s their performance, and what they can do to improve it next time. SMART Targets SMART is a technique used to work out how useful a set of objectives are. All the targets needs to be specific, they should have a focus and not be vague. They need to be measurable, so they should include something that can be measured. They also need to be achievable, so if staff do not think they can achieve their targets they will be demotivated. Also it needs to be realistic in relation to both the resources and skills available, and the overall goals of the organisation and it needs to have a time-bound, so it must have an end so that success can be measured. This helps to develop staff because using SMART technique the staff are clear about the objective and they are sure that it is achievable, because if staff thinks that it is unachievable they get demotivated. Benchmarking Benchmarking can be used to measure organisations performance by comparing themselves to other organisations and matching or exceeding their performance. For example ASDA will compare itself to all big supermarkets in UK such as Sainsbury’s, Morrison’s, and Tesco etc. This help to develop staff because they compare themselves to their competitors and it is very clear on how they are doing, and this helps to improve the business, because if other business is doing better then they need to figure out what they are doing wrong and how to change it. Probation Pretty much all businesses will have a probation period for new employees. This means that they will be closely monitored for a certain period of time and their performance will be measured so the business is certain that this person is capable of doing the job and is a right candidate. Business such as Tesco will have a short probation period because the job doesn’t require a high skill and it doesn’t take long to find out if the person is right for the job, but jobs like teachers or doctors will have longer probation periods, because it takes some time to find out if the candidate is capable of doing a job, and their probation period will be around 9 months but can be longer. Also when people are on probation period this gives the right to the employer to fire them for no reason. Probation period helps to develop staff because if they are on a probation period, they are under more pressure and makes them more focussed about understanding the business and doing their job at their best ability. Appraisal Appraisal is another method of measuring performance in a business. This means that at the end of the year the employee and employer will sit down and review the year, the employee will say what he thinks he’s done very well, and the employer will say what they think they’ve done well and what  they need to work on. This is helps to develop staff because the employer tells the staff on how they are performing and what they have been doing very well and what they have been doing not so well, and gives them advice on how to improve or change it. Supporting employees There’s couple ways of how you can support employees. One of them is me ntoring, this means that someone in the workplace will help them that is just above their positions and has been in their position previously, so they can pass on some of their knowledge and explain the job. There’s two types of mentoring; formal and informal. Formal mentoring means that the mentor will have paper work with them and will monitor them and will write everything down. Informal mentoring means that the mentor will only have a chat with them or help them but wouldn’t write anything down. Also another way to support the employees is buddying up. For example in ASDA a new employer will be partnered up with someone that is on the same level as them but has been working for a long period of time and knows their job very well, so the new employer can work with them for couple of days to get to know the job and the other person can help them if they get confused or stuck. This helps to develop staff because people get demotivated and getting support from other staff or the manager helps to improve their performance, because some people get stuck and are not sure how to do a job they’ve been given, and some help from the manager can sort that out, also just having a chat with them might also help because some people just need to know that someone cares about them and how they’re getting on. Occupational Health People are human beings and can get stressed when they are pushed to work hard, so the employers need to think about how to release that stress. For example they could put some plants in the office, because plants produce oxygen which helps people to relax. Also if the office is very warm think about putting an air con to cool it down, because when people are hot they tend to get very stressed out. For example all Tesco stores have air con, so all of their employees are cool and don’t get stressed out as much. This helps to develop staff because for example, if the working conditions in Tesco are very hot the employees might not work very well, and they will get very stressed, but if they install air conditioning and make the store cool, the staff will work a lot better and will be a lot happier, because they are not hot and they’re comfortable. Managing workloads People get very stressed out when they are under pressure and have a lot of things to do, so it is very important for a business to balance it out, and spread workload equally, for example Tesco will divide people into section and give the same amount of shelves to stock up, so it’s fair on everyone. This helps to develop staff because giving them a lot of workload will demotivated them and sometimes even push them into leaving the job because they are stressed and lose motivation, so by reducing workload and sharing the workload equally, this will release the stress and staff will have more motivation. Delegating authority and responsibility By giving more authority and responsibility can motivate employees but it is very important to monitor how it is working, in order to avoid errors and costly mistakes, which can affect employer in terms of money and reputation, also it might lead to dismissing the employee. For example Tesco manager will be responsible for hiring new people and they might hire someone that is not capable of doing the job which might cost Tesco money. This will help to develop staff because they will feel like they are trusted, so they will be more focussed and will try to prove to their employer that they are capable of doing the job. Capacity Capacity relates to the amount of work or products that can be produced or is being produced. Using as much capacity as possible should lead to lower costs for the business, so employers need to ensure that employees are performing well without putting them under so much pressure that they suffer with stress and then become ill. Linking rewards to performance Giving rewards to people for doing a good job or achieving or exceeding a target motivates people to work harder. For example Tesco manager will get a bonus for achieving or exceeding the stores targets. He then might share it with the team, to keep them motivated. This helps to develop the staff, because everyone loves getting a reward if they do a good job, because it shows that their employer cares about them and also gives them a sense of achievement, and makes themselves feel good, because they did a good job.

Turning Spanish Adjectives Into Nouns

In Spanish, almost any descriptive adjective (and a few others) can be used to function as a noun by preceding it with a definite article such as el or las. Typically, adjectives made into nouns are the equivalent of the English ____ one or ____ person as in the following examples: azul (blue), el azul, la azul (the blue one)pobre (poor), los pobres (the poor people)nuevo (new), el nuevo, la nueva (the new one)mexicano (Mexican), el mexicano, la mexicana (the Mexican) The gender and number will depend on whats being referred to:  ¿Quà © casa prefieres? —La blanca. (Which house do you prefer? The white one.)Habà ­a muchas fresas. Comprà © las mà ¡s frescas. (There were many strawberries. I bought the freshest ones.)Habà ­a muchos plà ¡tanos. Comprà © los mà ¡s frescos. (There were many bananas. I bought the freshest ones.) Sometimes, nouns made from adjectives take on meanings of their own, at least in certain contexts. The definitions below arent the only ones possible: roto (torn), el roto (the tear)mal (bad), el mal (evil, wrongful act, sickness)perdido (lost), el perdido, la perdida (the reprobate, the lost soul)decolorante (causing something to lose its color), el decolorante (bleach)semejante (similar), los semejantes (fellow human beings) The adjective-turned-noun is in the neuter gender when the adjective is turned into an abstract noun or when the adjective-turned-noun is not referring to a specific person or thing. The singular neuter definite article is lo; in plural, the neuter is the same form as the masculine, with a definite article of los. Such neuter nouns are translated in a variety of ways, depending on the context: Fuera lo viejo, venga lo nuevo. (Out with the old, in with the new.)Lo importante es que tenemos la oportunidad. (The important thing is that we have the opportunity.)Los interesantes son los intangibles. (What are interesting are the intangibles. Here, the English seemed less awkward when the first phrase was translated as an adjective.)Te regalo lo tuyo. (I am giving you whats yours.) Sample Sentences Los ricos no piden permiso. (The rich dont ask for permission. The sentence is the name of a former Argentine television show.) Uno de los cà ¡nceres mà ¡s comunes en los hombres es el cà ¡ncer de prà ³stata. Los agresivos pueden requerir cirugà ­as. (One of the most common cancers in men is prostate cancer. The aggressive ones can require surgery.) Dos tercios de los analfabetos del mundo son mujeres. (Two-thirds of the worlds illiterate are women.) Los baratos cuestan 6 euros. (The cheap ones cost 6 euros.) No todas las bellas pueden ser modelos. (Not all beautiful women can be models. Depending on the context, this also could refer to girls. If bellos had been used, it could have referred to men only or to both men and women.) Los sacerdotes catà ³licos romanos no son los à ºnicos que pueden hacer exorcismos. (Roman Catholic priests arent the only ones who can do exorcisms.) Los fritos fueron el artà ­culo comprado con mayor frecuencia. (The fried ones were the article most often purchased.) Los enfermos andaban por las calles. (The sick people walked through the streets.)